Lee de forest biography of nancy wilson

Lee de Forest August 26, — June 30, was an American inventor , electrical engineer and an early pioneer in electronics of fundamental importance. He invented the first practical electronic amplifier , the three-element " Audion " triode vacuum tube in This helped start the Electronic Age, and enabled the development of the electronic oscillator.

These made radio broadcasting and long distance telephone lines possible, and led to the development of talking motion pictures , among countless other applications. He had over patents worldwide, but also a tumultuous career — he boasted that he made, then lost, four fortunes. He was also involved in several major patent lawsuits, spent a substantial part of his income on legal bills, and was even tried and acquitted for mail fraud.

De Forest's father was a Congregational Church minister who hoped his son would also become a pastor. In the elder de Forest became president of the American Missionary Association's Talladega College in Talladega, Alabama , a school "open to all of either sex, without regard to sect, race, or color", and which educated primarily African-Americans.

Many of the local white citizens resented the school and its mission, and Lee spent most of his youth in Talladega isolated from the white community, with several close friends among the black children of the town. Convinced that he was destined to become a famous—and rich—inventor, and perpetually short of funds, he sought to interest companies with a series of devices and puzzles he created, and expectantly submitted essays in prize competitions, all with little success.

After completing his undergraduate studies, in September de Forest began three years of postgraduate work. However, his electrical experiments had a tendency to blow fuses, causing building-wide blackouts.

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Even after being warned to be more careful, he managed to douse the lights during an important lecture by Professor Charles S. Hastings , who responded by having de Forest expelled from Sheffield. With the outbreak of the Spanish—American War in , de Forest enrolled in the Connecticut Volunteer Militia Battery as a bugler, but the war ended and he was mustered out without ever leaving the state.

He then completed his studies at Yale's Sloane Physics Laboratory, earning a Doctorate in with a dissertation on the "Reflection of Hertzian Waves from the Ends of Parallel Wires", supervised by theoretical physicist Willard Gibbs.